Sunday, September 8, 2024

National Portrait Gallery, 2, Part The First

Our last week in London was one of tying up loose ends, finishing things off, not least the National Portrait Gallery, which we'd visited earlier in the month. On August 30th we completed the historical bits, a real treat for anyone interested in literary, philosophical, art, political, or other history, British or otherwise. Again, I'll post just a small fraction of what we saw, the ones omitted as great as those included. But it will take two posts. Amazing place!

Thomas Hardy
The Relief of Lucknow, Thomas Jones Barker, 1857; I include this
because the 20-some British officers depicted are said to be identifiable
portraits...but mainly because it affords the opportunity to mention
British reprisals in the mid-19th century Indian uprising...some 6,000
British were killed at the outset, against which an estimated 800,000
Indians were later massacred in reprisal...800,000...

John Stuart Mill, the great moral philosopher of
the 19th century

Tennyson, the great poet of the age

The three Bronte sisters, by their brother Branwell;
Branwell had painted himself out, but with the aging
of the paint, he is re-appearing, ghostily

Dickens

Pre-Raphaelites

Rosetti

Ruskin

William Morris

George Eliot

George V and family; very notably, the "spare,"
who would become George VI, was not included


Darwin

Beatrix Potter

Henry James

Conrad and Kipling

Churchill, c. 1916, in one of his darkest hours, having
been ousted from government for the Dardanelles catastrophe

Rupert Brooke











































































































































Ernest Shackleton

Friday, September 6, 2024

Imperial War Museum: WWII

I thought the museum did a good job in telling the stories of the two wars...impossibly complicated, convoluted, and contested stories...aimed at a very diverse but general audience. Its presentation of WWI seemed focused on the "bigger picture"...strategies, campaigns, innovations and such; while its presentation of WWII seemed focused rather more on the experiences of individuals...soldiers, sailors, aviators, nurses, support personnel, the home front.... 

Obligatory Spitfire; a contested story, if you ask me...

German V2; uncontestably awful

A Japanese "Baka" bomb...a piloted, rocket-powered suicide plane;
the few employed were ineffective; wouldn't a V1 be more relevant
on display here?

Mural of sheltering in the Underground during the Blitz

German 88mm artillery piece...one of the most effective of the war,
especially as an anti-aircraft weapon

Front bit of an Avro Lancaster, the Brits' most widely used heavy bomber
in WWII; featured in the 1955 Dam Busters; if you want to see WWII 
aircraft, many restored and flying, go to Duxford, near Cambridge, a famous
WWII RAF base and home now to both RAF and USAAF Eighth Air Force
museums; stupendous place; for WWI aircraft, how could anything top
Sir Peter Jackson's "Knights of the Air" collection at the Omaka Aviation
Heritage Center
, South Island, New Zealand? OK, it's a long way from
London...

Anyhow, WWII begins...among its causes, springs and origins...

Dunkirk veteran

The smallest boat to have participated in the great rescue 

"America First" propaganda poster; and some people
currently have the temerity/ignorance to use the "America
First" name now, despite its past disgrace and culpability

Paul Nash, Battle of Britain, 1941

As we've seen throughout our travels, the Great Houses all 
over Britain took in and supported children from London and 
other target cities during the war

Code-breaking was among the most important weapons
in WWII; here, a British Enigma machine, said by some to be
the birth of modern computing

WWII was thoroughly about racism; and its practice was not limited
to the Germans and Japanese...

Interesting depiction of ship losses in the Battle of
the Atlantic...each model represents 10 ships; losses
declined in 1944 with the increasing use of centimetric
radar, carrier-based escort aircraft, etc.

Among the various British women's service uniforms; depiction of women
in the war has grown far beyond the merely token level...

The war in the Pacific is represented, despite Britain's
very modest role in it; US subs literally sank the
Japanese merchant marine and many of its warships
as well...including two or three aircraft carriers...

Fuselage decor of a British bomber...see the description below
concerning the horrendous loss rate for such crews...



They didn't...fed up with being the pawns of the Great
and the Good...they tossed him and his government out
in the midst of the Yalta conference























Laura Knight, The Nuremburg Trials, 1946; trying
German war criminals...

Imperial War Museum: WWI

I visited the Imperial War Museum in 1998, and had decided recently it was time for me to return and refresh. The Museum concerns itself primarily with the major wars of the 20th century, WWI and WWII, a formidable enough task for a single museum. Fortunately, the IWM is by no means the only British museum that concerns these and other wars. I'll just post some pix I thought of particular interest or insight.

Entrance to the old museum; two WWI 15 inch naval guns...

In the gift shop: the gin craze continues; the Spitfire 
craze continues

"We happy few..."

Interesting display on ship camouflage, "dazzle," introduced in WWI and continued
in WWII; thought to confuse U-boat perceptions at night...many variations

Closer-up, an example; I always wanted to repaint our last US RV
(Le Sport) in warship camouflage; or maybe zebra...





The Empire was not a happy place as it entered WWI

A 42cm siege mortar shell, such as chiefly used to destroy French
and Belgian towns

The reliable French 75mm field artillery piece, prominent early in
the war

Enlistment posters

Weapons

Gas masks

Battles of Verdun...one of the war's many campaigns

Irish rebellion, encouraged by Germany

Development of convoy tactics, responding to German submarines  

War in the air begins

And is increasingly mechanized on the ground

Map of a "creeping barrage" of artillery that enabled the Canadians
to seize Vimy Ridge
Official war artist Paul Nash's depiction of "no man's land"

The war ended as German troops saw its futility;
French troops had already mutinied...